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Project Objectives:
- Obtain additional information on mouse liver histopathology from the Japanese long term cancer bioassay on 1,4-dioxane
- Determine whether the additional analysis of the mouse liver pathology supports a non-linear (threshold) Mode Of Action (MOA) for cancers caused by 1,4-dioxane
Jeri Higginbotham of the State of Kentucky has petitioned the Alliance for Risk Assessment (ARA) Steering Committee to obtain additional information from the
Japanese studies to inform 1,4-dioxane's cancer Mode of Action (MOA) and her request has been accepted. Her request can be viewed at: http://allianceforrisk.org/riskie-2/. The ARA Steering Committee members can be viewed at: http://allianceforrisk.org/steering-committee/. TERA is now forming a coalition of interested groups to obtain this information, and your group is invited to participate. However, the ARA Steering Committee also thought that problems might occur in gathering some of this Japanese information, since this research is now 25 years old, so we invite your group to submit any information or additional thoughts regarding the scope of this inquiry that will bear on 1,4-dioxane's cancer Mode of Action (MOA).
By way of background, EPA's IRIS 1,4-dioxane external peer review in 2012 suggested reviewing the histopathology slides from the NCI 1978 dioxane cancer bioassay in mice to ascertain whether non cancer pathology was evident, since, if evident, this would support the evaluation of a regenerative hyperplasia MOA by EPA staff. TERA scientists worked with Dr. Gene McConnell and staff of the NTP to reevaluate these mouse liver slides, and the results were sent to EPA staff in 2013 and published as Dourson et al., 2014. In brief, the reread of the slides showed extensive non cancer pathology, thus supporting the regenerative hyperplasia MOA. However, this evaluation also led to the desire to evaluate the mouse liver slides from a series of Japanese studies on 1,4-dioxane. In the summer of 2014, five US states and TERA scientists requested these full studies from our Japanese colleagues. These studies were received in the fall of 2014, and were then translated and analyzed during the winter of 2015. A report of this translation and a draft analysis was prepared and sent around to requesting states in July of 2015.
As described in this draft analysis, the additional information and translations are also supportive of a regenerative hyperplasia MOA but with one
exception, specifically, the reported findings from the histopathology and clinical chemistry of the mouse liver in the Japanese studies are contradictory. This may
be due in part to the investigators changing criteria for liver histopathology scoring during the course of reporting their results. Thus, we are collectively at a point
where a limited amount of additional information from the Japanese studies, including potentially rereading some of the mouse liver histopathology slides, may be
helpful. The intent of this ARA project is to obtain this limited, additional information from the Japanese studies, or other information as appropriate, in order to
resolve the hypothesized MOA for 1,4-dioxane's liver tumor formation (and potentially other tumors) as described in the reports mentioned above.
Dioxane Project Timeline:
March 2013
- Review of liver slides from the National Cancer Institute’s Bioassay of 1,4-Dioxane for
Possible Carcinogenicity conducted in 1978 – McConnel 2013
Feb 2014
- Mode of action analysis for liver tumors from oral 1,4-dioxane exposures
and evidence-based dose response assessment – Dourson et al., 2014
June 2014
- Contacted several state agencies to inquire about their interest in signing a request letter for three studies that were conducted by the Japanese Bioassay Research Center (JBRC) on 1,4-dioxane in mice and rats.
July 2014
- Collected signatures from 5 state agencies (MN, MO, MI, TX, and KY) to place on a request letter to the Japanese government (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Tokyo, Japan) for the Japanese studies.
August 2014
- TERA submitted a to the Japanese government for copies of the full studies.
- Received the oral studies from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Submitted a second request for additional missing appendices.
November 2014
- Japanese studies received and then submitted for translation
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-dioxane_2years
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-dioxane_2years_photographs
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-Dioxane_13week_APPENDIX C-P
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-dioxane_acute,2weeks,13weeks_apendix B-C O
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-dioxane_acute,2weeks,13weeks_photographs
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-dioxane_2years_photographs.compressed
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-Dioxane_Acute_APPENDIX A
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-Dioxane_Cancer_APPENDIX_1
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-Dioxane_Cancer_APPENDIX_2
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-Dioxane_Cancer_PHOTOGRAPHS
- Yamamoto 1990 1,4-Dioxane_Pre_PHOTOGRAPHS
- Yamamoto 1990 Mouse photos only
December 2014
- Received English translation of the Japanese studies.
January 2015
- Began review and QA of the translated studies
- Emailed translated studies to the 5 States that signed the request letter. Asked each to review and submit any comments or questions about translation.
- Dioxane Status Update Letter 23 Jan/Feb 2015
April 2015
- Draft analysis prepared on the translated Japanese studies. Missing individual experimental animal appendices requested.
June 2015
November 2015
December 2015
August 2016
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Project Contact:
Dr. Michael Doursoni
dourson@tera.org
Endorsements:
- Commonwealth of Kentucky
- ERM
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
- The TERA Center at the University of Cincinnati
- Waste Management
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