In preparation for the workshop, a two part webinar was held for the expert panelists and speakers. Drs. Julie Goodman and Sonja Sax of Gradient, along with Dr. Sabine Lange of TCEQ, presented background information on key ozone topics that will be discussed at the workshop. All attendees are encouraged to view this webinar and/or the slides prior to the workshop.
Lists of References from the Webinar Presentations
Webinar Introduction
Discussion of NAAQS and other causality frameworks and how they are applied to ozone
Overview of Mode of Action and discussion of thresholds
Overview of controlled exposure studies and adversity
Overview of key epidemiology literature
Impacts of using ambient ozone concentrations as surrogates for personal exposure
Integrating evidence streams together
McClellan RO. 2011. Role of science and judgment in setting national ambient air quality standards: how low is low enough? Air Qual Atmos Health, 5:243–258. Available at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11869-011-0147-2
This paper describes the challenges faced in setting NAAQS under the Clean Air Act.
Summary Information on Selected Science Topics Related to Ozone
Prepared by Sabine Lange, TCEQ, and Julie Goodman and Sonja Sax of Gradient.
This document contains summaries of important topics for understanding ozone science. It includes discussions about ozone mode of action, human clinical studies, adverse effects, epidemiology, exposure, a history of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), and information about the NAAQS causal framework. These particular topics are included in this document because, in the authors opinion, these data are important to inform the choice of the level of the ozone NAAQS. This document was
Ozone-FEV1 Dose-Response Analysis
Prepared by Sabine Lange and Michael Honeycutt, TCEQ; and Ge Tao, Lorenz Rhomberg and Julie Goodman, Gradient
This presents an analysis of the ozone-forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) dose-response data, derived from human clinical ozone exposure experiments. This analysis produces a dose-response model that fits both healthy young adults and other populations, such as children and asthmatics. We calculated ozone thresholds at which specific group mean FEV1 decrements would be expected to occur, and also determined the number of people in the clinical experiments that experienced a greater-than-mean response to ozone at these thresholds. We compared these thresholds to the doses of ozone a person would be expected to attain during known exposure scenarios, given eight-hour maximum ambient ozone concentrations of 75, 70, or 65 parts per billion (ppb).
Lange et al. 2014. How dose-response curves derived from clinical ozone exposures can inform public policy. Poster presented at 2014 Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, Denver, CO. December 8.
This poster reports on an analysis of how dose-response curves from human clinical studies of ozone can be used to inform the choice of a protective ambient ozone concentration. This is a companion piece to the ozone-FEV1 dose response analysis.
Goodman et al., 2014. Evaluation of Study Quality Criteria Frameworks. Poster presented at 2014 Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, Denver, CO. December 8.
This poster reports on a critical evaluation of study quality criteria frameworks and identifies the most common and useful criteria for evaluating the quality of studies used to assess potential causal relationships between chemicals and health effects.
EPA Ground Level Ozone Web Page
http://www.epa.gov/airquality/ozonepollution/
Ozone Proposed Rule (2014)
Available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2014-12-17/pdf/2014-28674.pdf
I A. Executive Summary
II E. Conclusions on the elements of the primary standard – particularly part D: Administrator’s proposed conclusions on level (pp.75303 – 75310).
Final Ozone Integrated Science Assessment (2013)
Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/ozone/s_o3_2008_isa.html
The following sections may be of interest for the workshop:
Chapter 3 – Atmospheric Chemistry & Ambient Concentrations
Chapter 4 – Exposure to Ambient Ozone
Chapter 5 – Dosimetry, Mode of Action & Species Homology
Chapter 6 – Integrated Health Effects of Short-term Ozone Exposure
Chapter 7 – Integrated Health Effects of Long-term Ozone Exposure